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A general purpose lighting or illumination provides a uniform illumination level over a large area equal to a normal natural day lighting available in a workplace. This was initially achieved by using an array of incandescent lamps. Later energy-saving fluorescent lamps replaced the conventional lamps. Now, in most places, LED bulbs are in place. It overcame the white light limitation by using the RGB method of generating white light from combining light emitted in the three primary colors. It further moved to perfect the white light by adopting a fourth amber color emitting LED. Very shortly, it will combine more than six equally tempered combinations of wavelengths. Simultaneously, it has succeeded in producing white light by the phosphor conversion method. This is cheaper. The color rendering index is between 70 and 90 as compared to 100 of the incandescent lamps. It provides color (CT) in the range of 2700 to 7000 Kelvin. Incandescent lamps have a low CT (below 3000). CT over 5000 are bluish white (cool temperatures). LED runs on direct current. It is used with internal or external rectifier and resistors to run on alternating current. An assemblage of LEDs overcomes this problem effectively. White LED assembly providing 10,000 lumen illumination is available. LED bulbs are mechanically robust. It can withstand intermittent on and off. It turns on instantly. White light LED lamps have a higher efficiency, low power requirement and very high life expectancy compared to other lighting devices. Spatial distribution and light output are controllable with no loss in efficiency. A 10 Watt LED lamp gives more lighting than a 60 Watt incandescent bulb. It simply means that its energy need is 6 times less. It has a lifespan of over 25,000 hours as compared to 2,000 hours of incandescent bulbs. The cost price of a LED bulb fixture is certainly very high. The total cost is quite low. According to one estimate this is as much as that of a CFL but at least 4 times less than the incandescent one. The trump card in favor of a LED lamp is that its carbon footprint is 10 times less than a halogen lamp and 2 times less than the CFL. An estimate suggests that 50% of the carbon footprint are due to electricity and 17% are due to lighting alone. Moreover, it is free from the mercury menace and is recyclable. A recent UK legislation has stopped manufacture of 60 Watt incandescent bulbs. An EU legislation aims at stopping manufacture of halogen bulbs by 2016. The march of the LED brigade into the future of lighting history does not see any potential hurdle. You may like to visit online stores to select from numerous innovative LED lamps and LED watches
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