|
New and prospective challenges in four fundamental engineering domains: In the domain materials is becoming increasingly possible through nanotechnology and bio-nanotechnology to create, atom-by-atom, or molecule-by-molecule, materials with a broad range of capabilities, from enhanced structural strength to sensing transferring energy, interacting with light at the scale of light's wavelength, and changing characteristics on command. This will have the effect of revolutionizing manufacturing construction and infrastructures. Urbanization Urbanization is a second urgent, emerging global development issue with now half the global population living in cities. In the developing world, that percentage is projected to continue to rise explosively in the foreseeable future, while the developed world is already largely urbanized. This makes global sustainability increasingly affected by the impact of cities. large and small. The rapidly changing demographic profiles of cities challenge engineering to address the needs of the massive wave of young populations in cities of the developing world, with¬out neglecting their eventual greying as their life expectancy increases, already a burgeoning problem in the developed world This will require rethinking the design of many inter¬faces between humans and artifacts to facilitate their use. The urban engineering challenges are to help find ways to provide for this tidal wave of urban growth with solutions for adequate housing, mobility, water, sanitation, electricity, telecommunications, and clean air for all dozens by using local resources as much as possible to develop infrastructure systems that can follow the expansion of urban areas, and thus help reduce the horrendous bight of urban poverty by creating new job opportunities. Urbanization also requires the improvement of quality of life in cities by managing congestion and reducing pollution and noise - in any country. With the continuing expansion of cities over areas at risk from earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, inundations, devastating storms and tsunamis and with cities becoming frequent tar¬gets of hostile activities engineering is ever more challenge to find ways to enhance the protection of the populations at risk through mere robust and resilient infrastructures, more effective warning systems, and more realistic evacuation or shelter-in-place plans. Throughout the range of urban sustainability needs of the developing world, good enough solutions will have to be engineered that are more affordable than the traditional ones of the developed world and that can rapidly satisfy a majority of needs They range from cheaper and faster construction, to simpler maintenance and repair, 'green' energy-. material and environment-saving technologies, more flexible urban mobility solutions and telecommunications systems that provide broadband inter¬connections without expensive land links. Globalization Globalization technologies of the world economy presents engineering with a third major set of challenges to help provide populations, regions and individuals with access to global knowledge, markets and institutions by enhancing transportation system. The diffusion of information and fast Internet the provision of technical training required to participate in the global economy, and through the development of common standards to facilitate the synergies of engineering capacities across the globe. Classof1.com offers Engineering Homework Help
Related Articles -
New, fundamental, engineering, endeavours,
|
