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The chiropractor has Daniel David (D.D.) Palmer to thank for establishing chiropractic as a complementary alternative medical practice in 1895 in Davenport, Iowa, U.S.A. The charismatic founder theorised that manipulation of the spine with the hand can heal disease and that diseases were caused by interruptions in the natural flow of the innate intelligence, the vital “nervous energy”, that is a manifestation of God’s presence in man. The chiropractic profession has been, throughout its history, controversial. The founder insisted on avoiding use of instruments earning him and his disciples the nickname “straights” and regarded the “mixers” with scorn. This internal division in technical practice was its first conflict. Another source of early conflict was osteopathy, its predecessor in medical healing practice which, like chiropractic, based its therapy system on magnetic healing and bone setting.
Externally, mainstream medicine has always been at odds with chiropractic because of its definition and reliance in the theory of subluxation and innate intelligence. The former insisted on scientific proofs with research and studies for efficacy of professional and technical practice. The stand of the chiropractic profession in its theoretical foundation plus its overlapping or “extended” scope of defining subluxation exacerbated the chasm between the two medical disciplines. Many chiropractors, including D.D. Palmer, were persecuted and even jailed because of that ire from organised medicine rooted on chiropractic’s foundational philosophy and more officially, for “practicing medicine without license”.
At first, D.D. Palmer kept chiropractic as a family secret but began teaching a few students when he opened the Palmer School of Chiropractic in 1898. His son, Bartlett Joshua (B.J.) Palmer, was one of his students and committed to promote chiropractic which he did taking over the helm in 1906.
While at first a “straight” following his father’s lead, B.J. Palmer endorsed X-rays in 1910 which he deemed necessary as basis for diagnosis. This shifted the tide in favour of the “mixers” which rapidly grew in number and in 1924, was estimated to be 25,000 less about 3,000 who remained “straight” with his father. B.J. Palmer’s 1925 invention and promotion of the neurocalometer which “sensed” temperature opened the gates for chiropractic to be the “largest alternative healing profession” in the United States.
Today, chiropractic clinics and offices are equipped with various medical and therapy devices and tools ranging from therapeutic chairs to elaborate treatment tables and X-ray radiography equipment. Aside from local neighbourhood private practice, chiropractic has also increased its presence in schools and sports organisations. Its network organisational representations have successfully gained entry of some chiropractors as official medical health assistants and officers of athletic associations including the NCAA and Olympics level athletic representations.
Notwithstanding its historical ups and downs, chiropractors has healed many a back pain and successfully made a significant dent in the health and medical fields.
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