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International Mobile Equipment Identity - China multi purpose cooker - China gas electric cookers by wqegtf desvf
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International Mobile Equipment Identity - China multi purpose cooker - China gas electric cookers by WQEGTF DESVF
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| Article Posted: 02/13/2011 |
| Article Views: 78 |
| Articles Written: 1248 - MORE ARTICLES FROM THIS AUTHOR |
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International Mobile Equipment Identity - China multi purpose cooker - China gas electric cookers |
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Business,Business News,Business Opportunities
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IMEI and the law Many countries have acknowledged the use of the IMEI in reducing the effect of mobile phone theft. For example, in the United Kingdom, under the Mobile Telephones (Re-programming) Act, changing the IMEI of a phone, or possessing equipment that can change it, is considered an offence under some circumstances and in Latvia, such an action is also considered a criminal offence. Other countries use different approaches when dealing with phone theft. For example, mobile operators in Singapore are not required by the regulator to implement phone blocking or tracing systems, IMEI-based or other. The regulator has expressed its doubts on the real effectiveness of this kind of system in the context of the mobile market in Singapore. Instead, mobile operators are encouraged to take measures such as the immediate suspension of service and the replacement of SIM cards in case of loss or theft. There is a misunderstanding amongst some regulators that the existence of a formally-allocated IMEI number range for a GSM terminal implies that the terminal is approved or complies with regulatory requirements. This is not the case. The linkage between regulatory approval and IMEI allocation was removed in April, 2000, with the introduction of the European R&TTE Directive. Since that date, IMEIs have been allocated by BABT (acting on behalf of the GSM Association) to legitimate GSM terminal manufacturers without the need to provide evidence of approval. Blacklist of stolen devices When mobile equipment is stolen or lost the owner will typically contact their local operator with a request that it should be blocked. If the local operator possesses an Equipment Identity Register (EIR), it then will put the device IMEI into it, and can optionally communicate this to the Central Equipment Identity Register (CEIR) which blacklists the device in all other operator switches that use the CEIR. With this blacklisting in place the device becomes unusable on any operator that uses the CEIR, making theft of mobile equipment a useless business proposition. The IMEI number is not supposed to be easy to change, making the CEIR blacklisting effective. However this is not always the case: a phone's IMEI may be easy to change with special tools. Limitations "New IMEIs can be programmed into stolen handsets and 10% of IMEIs are not unique." According to a BT Cellnet spokesman quoted by the BBC. Facilities do not exist to unblock numbers listed in error on all networks. This is possible in the UK, however, where the user who initially blocked the IMEI must quote a password chosen at the time the block was applied. Lawful interception A target for lawful interception (wiretapping) can be specified by its IMEI number as well as IMSI and MSISDN Structure of the IMEI and IMEISV (IMEI Software Version) The IMEI (14 decimal digits plus a check digit) or IMEISV (16 digits) includes information on the origin, model, and serial number of the device. The structure of the IMEI/SV are specified in 3GPP TS 23.003. The model and origin comprise the initial 8-digit portion of the IMEI/SV, known as the Type Allocation Code (TAC). The remainder of the IMEI is manufacturer-defined, with a Luhn check digit at the end (which is never transmitted). As of 2004[update], the format of the IMEI is AA-BBBBBB-CCCCCC-D, although it may not always be displayed this way. The IMEISV drops the Luhn check digit in favour of an additional two digits for the Software Version Number (SVN), making the format AA-BBBBBB-CCCCCC-EE AA BBBBBB CCCCCC D EE Reporting Body Identifier, indicating the GSMA-approved group that allocated the model TAC The remainder of the TAC Serial sequence of the model Luhn check digit of the entire number (or zero) Software Version Number (SVN). Prior to 2002, the TAC was six digits long and was followed by a two-digit Final Assembly Code (FAC), which was a manufacturer-specific code indicating the location of the device's construction. For example, the IMEI code 35-209900-176148-1 or IMEISV code 35-209900-176148-23 tells us the following: TAC: 352099 so it was issued by the BABT and has the allocation number 2099 FAC: 00 so it was numbered during the transition phase from the old format to the new format (described below) SNR: 176148 - uniquely identifying a unit of this model CD: 1 so it is a GSM Phase 2 or higher SVN: 23 - The "software version number" identifying the revision of the software installed on the phone. 99 is reserved. The format changed as of April 1, 2004, when the Final Assembly Code ceased to exist and the Type Approval Code increased to eight digits in length and became known as the Type Allocation Code. From January 1, 2003 until that time the FAC for all phones was 00. The Reporting Body Identifier is allocated by the Global Decimal Administrator; the first two digits must be decimal (i.e., less than 0xA0) for it to be an IMEI and not an MEID. The new CDMA Mobile Equipment Identifier (MEID) uses the same basic format as the IMEI. Check digit computation The last number of the IMEI is a check digit calculated using the Luhn algorithm. According to the IMEI Allocation and Approval Guidelines, The Check Digit is calculated according to Luhn formula (ISO/IEC 7812). See GSM 02.16 / 3GPP 22.016. The Check Digit shall not be transmitted to the network. The Check Digit is a function of all other digits in the IMEI. The Software Version Number (SVN) of a mobile is not included in the calculation. The purpose of the Check Digit is to help guard against the possibility of incorrect entries to the CEIR and EIR equipment [registries]. The presentation of the Check Digit (CD), both electronically and in printed form on the label and packaging, is very important. Logistics (using bar-code reader) and EIR/CEIR administration cannot use the CD unless it is printed outside of the packaging, and on the ME IMEI/Type Accreditation label. The check digit shall always be transmitted to the network as "0". The check digit is validated in three steps: Starting from the right, double a digit every two digits (e.g., 7 14). Sum the digits (e.g., 14 1 + 4). Check if the sum is divisible by 10. Conversely, one can calculate the IMEI by choosing the check digit that would give a sum divisible by 10. For the example IMEI 49015420323751?, IMEI 4 9 0 1 5 4 2 0 3 2 3 7 5 1 ? Double every other 4 18 0 2 5 8 2 0 3 4 3 14 5 2 ? Sum digits 4 + (1 + 8) + 0 + 2 + 5 + 8 + 2 + 0 + 3 + 4 + 3 + (1 + 4) + 5 + 2 + ? = 52 + ? To make the sum divisible by 10, we set ? = 8, so the IMEI is 490154203237518. Usage on satellite phone networks The BGAN, Iridium and Thuraya satellite phone networks all use IMEI numbers on their transceiver units as well as SIM cards in much the same way as GSM phones do. The Iridium 9601 modem relies solely on its IMEI number for identification and uses no SIM card; however, Iridium is a proprietary network and the device is incompatible with regular GSM networks. Retrieving IMEI information from a GSM device On many devices, the IMEI number can be retrieved by entering *#06#, or using the AT command ATD*#06#. The IMEI number of a GSM device can be retrieved by sending the command AT+CGSN. For more information, refer to the 3GPP TS 27.007, Section 5.4 /2/ standards document. Retrieving IMEI Information from an older Sony or Sony Ericsson handset can be done by entering these keys: * Right * Left Left * Left * IMEI information on BlackBerry devices can also be found by going to options, then status. See also International Mobile Subscriber Identity Mobile phone Unlocking References ^ UK Home Office, "Mobile Phone Barring Database Launched", November 1, 2002. ^ TR 33.107, Lawful interception architecture and functions External links IMEI Number Analysis: By entering a valid IMEI it will tell you all known information on that phone. Jareka TAC List: Another web based analyzing tool for IMEI with some more features. IMEI/TAC to Phone Model Database: Enter IMEI or TAC and phone make and model is returned. IMEI Number Application: Manufacturers of GSM900/1800 / 3GPP WCDMA terminals (and multi-mode terminals) may obtain IMEI allocations through BABT. IMEI Allocation & Approval Guidelines: PDF document explaining IMEI in detail from GSM Association. Categories: Global System for Mobile communicationsHidden categories: Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2004 All articles containing potentially dated statements We are high quality suppliers, our products such as China multi purpose cooker , China gas electric cookers for oversee buyer. To know more, please visits electric pressure cookers.
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