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The Constitution of India is considered as the Supreme legislation in India. It outlines the fundamental political principles and establishes the basic structure, procedure, duties and powers of the Indian Government. Also, it provides for directive principles, fundamental rights and duties of citizens. The Constitution of India declares India as a sovereign, democratic and secular country. Further, it ensures justice, equality and liberty to all Indian citizens. It also promotes integrity, socialism and secularism. The process of evolution of Constitution of India closely associated with India’s freedom struggle. Constitution of India was passed on November 26, 1949 and came into effect on January 26, 1950. It replaced the Government of India Act, 1935, enacted by the British Government. The members of the Constituent Assembly of India met for the first time on December 9, 1946. Another meeting was held on August 14, 1947 the proposal for forming various committees, such as Committee on Fundamental Rights and Union Powers, was presented. The Drafting Committee, headed by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar was formed on August 29, 1947. Further, Indian Constitution was drafted for a period of 2 years, 11 months and 17 days. Finally, the Constituent Assembly scrutinized each and every provision of the Draft, from 14th to 26th November, 1949. The final Draft was signed by the President of the Constituent Assembly of India on November 26, 1949. Significant Features of Constitution of India Constitution of India has several unique features. Some of its features are borrowed from Constitutions of other nations, such as the US, Ireland and Australia. Also, conventions of British Parliament and provisions of the Government of India Act, 1935, were taken into account. Few important features of Indian Constitution are: Preamble The Preamble of Constitution of India provides for:
- Equality: Equal opportunity and status for all Indian citizens.
- Justice: Justice in the fields of economy, politics and society.
- Fraternity: This ensures dignity of an individual and India’s unity.
- Liberty: This provides for freedom of speech, expression, religion and beliefs, to all Indian citizens.
Fundamental Rights Constitution of India guarantees seven fundamental rights to Indian citizens, which promote a democratic environment, such as: - Right to Equality.
- Right to Freedom from Exploitation.
- Right to Particular Freedom.
- Right to Freedom of Religion.
- Right to Education.
- Right to Constitutional Remedies.
- Cultural and Educational Rights.
Directive Principles Constitution of India provides for Directive principles of State Policy. These are a set of guidelines to the Central and the State Governments, which they should adhere with while formulating new laws and policies. These principles play an important role in governance of the country. Fundamental Duties The fundamental rights under the Indian Constitution are guaranteed at the cost of some fundamental duties. These duties are moral obligations of all Indian citizens, to promote the country’s integrity and spirit of unity.
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Constitution of India, india constitution, Features of Constitution,
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