Produced Water Market: Opportunities in the Oil, Shale and Gas Sectors in North America

- The treatment of frac water in the shale: the current moratorium on development in the Marcellus shale is led by consumer concerns about the contamination of ground water, and represents the largest political obstacle to the fracking industry's development. How can this be overcome?

- The desalination of oil-field produced water as an alternative to off-site reinjection: In some parts of the US it is not possible to re-inject produced on-site, due to regulation and geology. Is it economically viable to desalinate produced water for reuse?

- The demand for “designer” water in secondary and tertiary oil recovery: most enhanced oil recovery techniques require water of a specific salinity. To what extent is this an opportunity for membrane separations technology?

- Meeting the water needs of the Canadian oil sands: extracting heavy crude and bitumen from oil sand is a thirsty process (up to 4.5 barrels of water are required for each barrel of synthetic crude oil produced). With tighter regulatory control of water abstraction for the oil sands, is there an opportunity for greater reuse?

Produced Water Market analyses each of these themes to show you the scope of the opportunities and the nature of the challenges that will need to be overcome if you are to succeed in this sector. It takes a comprehensive look at the background to the market, including the regulatory drivers, the technologies, the supply chain, and the companies involved .

Who should read this report?

For water companies there is a huge business opportunity from the increased need for water treatment solutions such as chemicals and filtration. Produced Water Market will advise you how to partner up with operators in the oil and gas sectors, so that your water treatment products enjoy an increased market share. This is essential reading both for those wishing to expand their business into the produced water market, and for existing incumbents who want to increase their market share and get ahead of their competitors.

For gas operators in the hydraulic fracturing sector, there is currently no dominant player for advanced water treatment – the market is wide open. Many companies, both established and emerging, are jostling for position and trying to increase their market share. The US is several years ahead of the global market in terms of developing unconventional gas streams, so is paving the way in terms of technological advances and regulation.This report will show you how to play the market in this crucial period of development, helping you to identify the best opportunities for your business over the next two years.

For oil companies, the volumes of water produced as a result of drilling are tremendous and treatment is costly. Produced Water Market is your indispensible guide to increasing the efficiency of water treatment whilst controlling the cost to your business. This can only be achieved through an understanding of the new technologies, and which are most suited to your particular extraction methods. Publication information Foreword Executive summary Growth sectors Market challenges Figure 1.1 Energy consumption, feedwater & maximum product water salinity of desalination technologies Opportunities Potential Winners Conclusion Units and abbreviations 1. Introduction to produced water 1.1 Produced water definitions Figure 1.1 Produced water volumes: Globally and statewise in the U.S. 1.2 Overview of sources of oil and gas covered in this report 1.2.1 Onshore and offshore oil 1.2.2 Shale gas 1.2.3 Coal bed methane 1.2.4 Oil sands Figure 1.2 Typical composition of McMurray Formation oil sands 1.3 The nature of produced water 1.3.1 Produced water from oil and gas production Figure 1.3 Typical produced water constituents from oil, gas and CBM production Figure 1.4 Produced water constituents, factors and negative effects 1.3.2 Produced water from CBM production 1.3.3 Produced water from the Canadian oil sands Figure 1.5 Typical chemistry for formation water in McMurray Formation

2. Regulations 2.1 United States: Federal level organisations 2.1.1 The Environmental Protection Agency Figure 2.1 Overview of the relevant responsibilities of the Environmental Protection Agency Figure 2.2 Injection well classification 2.1.2 Onshore Subcategory of the Oil and Gas Extraction Point Source Category 2.1.3 Coastal Waters Subcategory of the Oil and Gas Extraction Point Source Category 2.1.4 Offshore Subcategory of the Oil and Gas Extraction Point Source Category 2.1.5 Coal bed methane ELGs Figure 2.3 Status of coal bed methane effluent limitation guidelines 2.1.6 The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) Figure 2.4 Overview of the relevant responsibilities of the BLM 2.1.7 The Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation and Enforcement (BOEMRE) Figure 2.5 Overview of the relevant responisbilites of the BOEMRE 2.2 Federal regulations 2.2.1 Shale development and environmental impacts Figure 2.6 Chesapeake Bay TMDL limits 2.2.2 Current legislation and changes Figure 2.7 Federal legislation 2.2.3 Emerging Federal regulations Figure 2.8 Topics and questions to be covered by EPA study on hydraulic fracturing 2.3 United States: State level regulations Figure 2.9 State level regulations Figure 2.10 New effluent standards for oil and gas wastewater, May 2010 2.3.1 Coal bed methane regulations in Colorado, Montana, New Mexico and Wyoming Figure 2.11 CBM disposal and discharge standards for Colorado, Montana, New Mexico and Wyoming PRODUCED WATER MARKET Figure 2.12 CBM produced water disposal options in Wyoming and Montana 2.4 Canada: Regulatory organisations Figure 2.13 Regulatory bodies responsible for produced water in the oil sands 2.5 Canada: Current regulations 2.5.1 Approval process for a proposed oil sands mine or in-situ project 2.5.2 Mining water recycling 2.5.3 In-situ water recycling 2.6 Canada: Emerging regulations 2.6.1 Mining operations Figure 2.14 Phase in sequence for capturing fines in tailings water 2.6.2 In-situ Figure 2.15 Increasing water regulation in the oil sands 2.6.3 Enforcement For more information kindly visit : Produced Water Market: Opportunities in the Oil, Shale and Gas Sectors in North America Or Bharat Book Bureau Tel: +91 22 27810772 / 27810773 Fax: + 91 22 27812290 Email: info@bharatbook.com Website: www.bharatbook.com Follow us on twitter: http://twitter.com/#!/Sandhya3B Our Blogs: http://bharatbook.posterous.com/ http://retailmarketresearch.blogspot.com/

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