Top Ten Global Energy Trends in 2011

In 2009, global energy consumption was at 11.05 Btoe (billion tonnes of oil equivalent), which was a decrease of 2.2% from 11.3 Btoe in 2008. The global financial crisis, followed by the global economic slowdown, resulted in a decreased demand for products. This had a negative impact on energy consumption toward the end of 2008 which continued throughout 2009. The developed economies were the most affected by the economic slowdown, explaining the decline in energy consumption in these countries. However, the high economic growth in the emerging economies, such as India and China, sustained the demand for energy in 2009. After the 2009 slump, the global economies recovered, thereby increasing energy consumption in 2010. The total global energy consumption was about 11.26 Btoe in 2010 with a growth rate of 1.9% from 2009.

Scope

The report analyses market opportunities and challenges in the global pipeline industry. Its scope includes - - Key geographies including Asia Pacific, Europe, Middle East and Africa, North America and South and Central America. - Qualitative analysis of key success factors and trends in the global energy industry including oil and gas, refining, power and related sectors - Key statistics on global energy consumption, global capital expenditure in the oil and gas industry by sub sector and company type, refining capacity, biofuel market, etc. to 2011 - Global oil and gas and biofuel market merger and acquisition and deal analysis by deal type is included - Effect of the US Gulf of Mexico oil spill on the oil and gas industry - Success of the unconventional oil and gas sector and the outlook for 2011 is analysed - Effect of the delay in implementation of the carbon emission laws on the renewable energy sector in analysed Reasons to buy

The report will enhance your decision making capability in a more rapid and time sensitive manner. It will allow you to - - Develop business strategies with the help of specific insights about the global energy industry - Identify opportunities and challenges in the global energy industry. - Increase future revenues and profitability with the help of insights into the future opportunities and critical success factors in the global energy industry. - Make more informed business decisions from the insightful and in-depth analysis of the global energy industry and the factors shaping it Table of Contents:

1 Table of Contents 1 Table of Contents 4 1.1 List of Tables 7 1.2 List of Figures 8 2 Top Ten Global Energy Trends In 2011 9 2.1 Report Guidance 9 3 Global Total Energy Consumption Gaining Recovery In 2011 10 3.1 Global Energy Consumption Gaining Recovery In 2011 10 3.2 Global Energy Mix 2011 12 3.3 Global Economic Overview 13 3.4 Key Factors Affecting the Global Energy Consumption 14 3.4.1 Policies and Technological Advancement Will Drive the Growth of Renewable Energy Thereby Increasing Its Share 14 3.4.2 Stable Commodity Prices and Availability of Supplies Will Play a Crucial Role in Energy Consumption 14 4 Global Energy Spending Set to Accelerate in 2011 15 4.1 Exploration and Production Capital Expenditure to Lead the Growth In 2011 16 4.2 Asia-Pacific and the Middle East and Africa Will Be the Key Growth Regions In 2011 18 4.3 National Oil Companies Will Continue to Drive Oil and Gas Investment in 2011 20 4.4 Key Factors Affecting the Capex In 2011 22 4.4.1 Global Economic Recovery and Stability in Crude Oil Price Will Be a Key Factor in the Spending Growth 22 4.4.2 Global Offshore Drilling Spend Continues to Increase In 2011 22 4.4.3 Major Discoveries Along With Future Planned Projects Will Boost Spending 22 5 High Environmental Safety Concerns in the Aftermath of the US GOM Oil Spill Will Lead to Tighter Offshore Oil and Gas Regulations and Increased Costs 24 5.1 The US Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill Disaster – One of the Worst in History 24 5.2 Effects of the Spill on the Offshore Oil and Gas Industry 28 5.3 Aftermath of the Spill Leading To Tighter Regulations and Standards 29 5.4 Moratorium on Offshore Drilling 30 5.5 Impact of the Spill on Offshore Costs 30 6 Global Corporate M&A and Asset Transactions in the Oil and Gas Sector Are Likely to Witness a Rise in 2011 32 6.1 Global Oil and Gas Deal Activity in 2010 33 6.2 Top 10 Deals, 2010, by Deal Value 34 6.3 Total Upstream Sector Deal Activity in 2010 36 6.4 Upstream Deal Activity, by Geography 38 6.5 Total Downstream Sector Deal Activity in 2010 41 6.6 Downstream Deal Activity, by Geography 43 7 Success of the Unconventional Oil and Gas Sector in North America Will Increase the Interest in Other Regions, but Oversupply Concerns Remain 46 7.1 North America Leading the Way in the Unconventional Oil and Gas Sector 46 7.2 Success in North America is Likely to Increase the Attractiveness of Unconventional Resources in Other Regions 46 7.3 Key Factors Affecting the Development of Unconventional Resources 48 7.3.1 Higher Drilling Costs Might Delay the Shale Gas Development in Europe 48 7.3.2 Environmental Impact is a Serious Concern for the Industry 48 7.3.3 Excess Supply of Natural Gas Might Act as a Deterrent for the Industry 50 7.3.4 Stable Oil and Gas Prices Will Be a Critical Factor in the Growth of the Industry 51 8 Delay in the Implementation of Carbon Emission Laws May Hamper the Growth of Renewables 52 8.1 Global Carbon Dioxide Emissions 53 8.2 Carbon Emissions from Thermal Power Plants 56 8.3 Carbon Laws Are Getting Delayed Across the Globe 57 8.3.1 No Concrete Measures Taken Under Copenhagen and Bonn Summits for UN Nations 57 8.4 Climate Bills Being Delayed 59 8.4.1 The US Climate Bill Delayed 59 8.4.2 Australia’s CPRS Delayed Until 2012 60 8.4.3 Japan’s Climate Bill Delayed in 2010 60 8.5 Renewable Energy, An Overview 61 8.6 Renewable Energy Policies 61 8.7 Impact of Delay in Realization of Carbon Laws Pose a Threat for Potential Growth of Renewables 62 9 Deregulation of Utilities and Open Access to Electricity Distribution, Key for Power Industry Growth in 2011 63 9.1 Regulation – Traditional Scenario 63 9.2 Deregulation – A Historical Perspective 64 9.3 Economies Move towards Electricity Deregulation 64 9.4 Need for Deregulation 65 9.5 Impact of Deregulation on Services and Programs 65 9.6 Open Access Electricity Distribution Opens Road for Competitive Market 66 9.7 Communal and Deliberative Measures Required for Reforms in Deregulated Electricity Market 66 10 Asia–Pacific and Middle East and Africa Will Continue to Lead the Refining Industry Recovery in 2011 67 10.1 With Recovering Product Demand and Refining Margins Global Refining Industry is on a Course of Revival 68 10.2 Refining Capacity is Continuing to Increase Globally 70 10.3 Asia–Pacific, the Middle East and Africa Leading the Growth in Global Refining Capacity 77 10.4 Key Issues in the Global Refining Industry 78 10.4.1 Stringent Environmental Regulations, a Major Factor Affecting the Refining Industry 78 10.4.2 Heavy Crude Oil and the Demand for Light Petroleum Products Add to the Costs 78 10.4.3 Changing Product Dynamics, a Key Determinant in the Global Refining Industry 78 10.4.4 Gross Refining Margins 79 11 Bio-Fuels Continue to Grow as an Alternative Fuel Option Driven by Regulations and Energy Security Concerns 80 11.1 Renewable Fuel Standards and Mandatory Blending Targets are the Key Driving Factors 80 11.2 Global Bio-fuel Market, Deals 85 11.3 Global Bio-fuel Production to Grow in 2011 86 11.4 Sustainability and Availability of Usable Land Will Be a Crucial Challenge to Surpass 87 12 Rising Energy Demand and Increasing Focus on Energy Efficiency Asserts Attractiveness of Clean Technology 88 12.1 Incentives and a Minimum Level of Standards Are Key Drivers for the Green Building Sector 88 12.2 Policies Instrumental to Support Future Smart Grid Developments 89 12.2.1 Global Smart Grid Deployment Status 89 12.2.2 Smart Grid Standards 90 12.3 Waste to Energy Emerging as a Major Industry in Managing Waste and a Way of Clean Energy Along with Providing High Returns 92 12.3.1 Improved Emission Controls and Eligibility for Tax Incentives and Carbon Credits Driving the Industry Growth 92 12.3.2 Landfill Legislations 92 13 Appendix 93 13.1 Methodology 93 13.1.1 Coverage 93 13.1.2 Secondary Research 93 13.1.3 Primary Research 93 13.1.4 Expert Panel Validation 94 13.2 Abbreviations 94 13.3 Contact Us 94 13.4 About GBI Research 95 13.5 Disclaimer 95

1.1 List of Tables Table 1: Global Energy Consumption (Mtoe), by Region, 2006–2011 11 Table 2: Global Energy Consumption (Mtoe), by Fuel Type, 2006–2011 12 Table 3: GDP Growth Rate, %, Global and Major Countries, 2008–2011 13 Table 4: Global Oil and Gas Capital Expenditure, 2006–2011 16 Table 5: Global Oil and Gas Capital Expenditure ($bn), by Sub-Sector , 2006–2011 17 Table 6: Global Oil and Gas Capital Expenditure ($bn), by Region, 2006–2011 19 Table 7: Global Oil and Gas Capital Expenditure ($bn), by Company Type, 2006–2011 21 Table 8: The US, Major Historical Oil Spills 26 Table 9: Largest Oil Well Blowouts, by Volume as of September 6, 2010 27 Table 10: The US Gulf of Mexico, Oil Reserves, Million Barrels, 2005–2008 31 Table 11: Global Oil and Gas Deal Activity, Q1 2008–Q4 2010 33 Table 12: Top Ten Oil and Gas Deals, 2010, by Deal Value ($bn) 35 Table 13: Global Upstream Oil and Gas Deal Activity, Q1 2008–Q4 2010 37 Table 14: Global Upstream Oil and Gas, Deal Value by Geography, ($bn), Q1 2008–Q4 2010 39 Table 15: Global Upstream Oil and Gas, Deal Activity by Geography, Q1 2008–Q4 2010 40 Table 16: Global Downstream Oil and Gas Deal Activity, Q1 2008–Q4 2010 42 Table 17: Global Downstream Oil and Gas, Deal Value by Geography, ($bn), Q1 2008–Q4 2010 44 Table 18: Global Downstream Oil and Gas, Deal Activity by Geography, Q1 2008–Q4 2010 45 Table 19: Global Carbon Emissions from Consumption of Energy, 2008 53 Table 20: Global, Carbon Dioxide Emissions by Countries, Billion Tonnes, 2007–2025 54 Table 21: Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Coal Plants, (Billion Tonnes), 2008–2020 56 Table 22: Global Countries Engagement Under Copenhagen Accord, 2010 58 Table 23: Crude Oil and Petroleum Products Demand (Billion Barrels), 2009–2015 68 Table 24: Global Refining Capacity (MMTPA) by Region and Year-on-Year Growth Rate(%), 2000–2015 72 Table 25: Major Upcoming Refinery Projects, 2011–2015 73 Table 26: Key Bio-fuel Tax Credit, the US, 2010 81 Table 27: Renewable Fuel Standards (Billion Gallons Per Year), the US, 2010–2022 82 Table 28: Subsidy Cost ($) per metric ton of CO2 equivalent , Europe, 2010 83 Table 29: Mandatory Blending Targets, (%), Europe, 2009 84 Table 30: Global Bio-fuel Market, Deal Share by Type, 2010 85 Table 31: Bio-fuel Market, Global, Production (Billion bpd), 2005–2011 86

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