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Development of SME router chip Introduction - Small, routers, chips - Communications Industry by na b
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Development of SME router chip Introduction - Small, routers, chips - Communications Industry by NA B
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| Article Posted: 12/05/2010 |
| Article Views: 99 |
| Articles Written: 2638 - MORE ARTICLES FROM THIS AUTHOR |
| Word Count: 1055 |
| Article Votes: 0 |
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Development of SME router chip Introduction - Small, routers, chips - Communications Industry |
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Business,Business News,Business Opportunities
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Router Is the network node device, used to connect multiple networks or network segments, routers, network of seven working on the third floor of the agreement, whose main task is to receive data from a network interface package, which contained according to destination address, and decided to forward to the next destination.
The same computer, the router also contains CPU . Different levels of routers, which are not the same CPU. Both in the low-end routers and high-end routers, CPU is the heart of the router. Usually in the low-end routers, CPU is responsible for the exchange of routing information, routing table lookup and forwarding packets. In the router, CPU's ability to directly affect the throughput of the router (routing table lookup time), and routing computing power (influence network routing convergence time). In the high-end router, and look-up table is usually forwarded by the AS package IC Processor Completed, CPU only achieve routing protocol, routing and distribution routing table calculation. With the technology, the router a lot of work can be implemented in hardware (ASIC ASIC).
Router processor chip development has gone through four stages as follows:
(1) General Processor (2) Embedded Processor (3) ASIC processor (4) Network Processor Stage of general-purpose processor 60s last century, people have used the role of ordinary computer as a router, which is the prototype of the first generation of routers. Docking with a computer network cards to achieve multi-block, the number of cards to share a processor, internal bus interconnect, CPU is responsible for almost all of the routing calculations, data forwarding instruction, but also for the whole machine equipment management , then gradually developed specifically dedicated bus, interface and Operating system Router.
As a general-purpose processor, taking into consideration the needs of various applications, with generalized common architecture and instruction set, in order to support the complex development of computing and easy to add new features, that is: not for network Communicate Require special design. Processing route generally relatively slow forward speed, scalability, poor, it is difficult to meet the needs of the network.
Embedded processor stage Generic microprocessor embedded microprocessor and the biggest difference is that most work in embedded microprocessor manufacturers design their own system, is application-oriented processors. At present most of the field for specialized applications designed to meet the high performance, low cost and low power requirements. Such as: Mobile Communications, PDA , Games , Network communications, and other electronic products industries.
Present, embedded processors mainly Am186/88, 386EX, SC-400, Power PC , Motorola68000, MIPS, ARM series. 32-bit embedded processor market in the main Motorola, ARM, MIPS, TI, Hitachi and other companies, some general microprocessor production companies like Intel, Sun and IBM, have also produced an embedded microprocessor, but not professional production, people are more familiar with, such as INTEL's Pentium.
The first generation of routers is based on the embedded microprocessor embedded system, a dedicated circuit, interface and operating system, is a specialized device is no longer based on a common microprocessor, common interface , general operating system PC. Cisco2501 router is a typical representative of first-generation router, the CPU is MOTOROLA68030 20MHz processor, the processor chip is equivalent to general-purpose processor INTEL early 80386.
Present, a large number of embedded microprocessors used in the network equipment supplier in the low-end router products, whether Cisco General router series, or small businesses, home using a broadband router products, all can see their shadow.
ASIC (dedicated IC ) Processor stage When the network more slowly, the embedded processor speed routing and forwarding complete catch data flow, and later, the line width of the bandwidth, faster data rates, embedded processors, the processing is not fast enough , and designers turned to ASIC. ASIC is widely used in performance-sensitive platform, a processor technology.
Invented the router, production, application, the network has high-speed development, but early in network development, network transmission rate is relatively low, business was relatively low, this period of network equipment is generally based on CPU (generic or embedded), which run through the CPU to achieve a variety of network operating systems related to network functions. It has high flexibility, can update the operating system, you can improve existing features or adding new features and Service Characteristics. But the disadvantage is slow speed, low throughput. But this performance at the time that low-speed network environment is acceptable, because the speed of the router can forward packets to keep up with line speeds. However, with advances in fiber optic transmission technology such as network bandwidth, the growth rate gradually exceed the growth rate of CPU processing power, making based on "CPU + system" in the router, the network has gradually become the bottleneck. Therefore, the need to find ways to improve the performance of network equipment. In this case, the network equipment began to use ASIC technology. It is calculated by the instruction set or cure to logic chips, which put forward all the details of the process used in all manner of hardware to achieve, and thus obtain a high processing speed, which can satisfy the performance requirements, adapt network bandwidth growing trend.
High-end routers, packet forwarding, and usually by the ASIC chip look-up table to complete, CPU, there still exist, but only to achieve routing protocol, routing and distributed routing table calculation. The development of technology, the router a lot of work can be realized by the hardware.
Network processor stage
ASIC's advantages is its shortcoming is the lack of flexibility. Once the curing instructions or calculation logic to the chip hardware, it is difficult to modify the upgrade, to add new features or improve performance, you have to redesign the chip. In addition, complex ASIC design and manufacturing generally takes a long period, higher R & D expenses. In addition, the application of the current network is constantly expanding, new businesses are emerging, the development of the network bandwidth is also not just rising, and more performance to the "intelligent processing" requirements, such as quality of service (QoS), control Security (Security) and other services needed I am an expert from Components Electronic suppliers, usually analyzes all kind of industries situation, such as bowex coupling , hinge pin stop.
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