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Manufacturing and commercial processes produce millions of litres of liquid waste on a regular basis and, due to high levels of toxins and contaminants of different natures, treatment is necessary before reuse or discharge into the environment. In short, this is what we call influent or untreated wastewater, and installing effluent treatment plant is common due to its efficiency. The plant produces treated wastewater with fewer contaminants, called effluent. Reducing Harmful Levels of Toxins The liquid waste often contains extreme levels of harmful substances that are dangerous to humans, animals, and the ecosystem. If humans consume wastewater, they can suffer from kidney diseases such as cholera and typhoid, which can be fatal in severe cases. In addition, it badly damages water sources, degrading aquatic and marine life – to put it mildly. Treatment prior to discharge is imperative; hence, environmental standards set strict levels of contaminants that must be adhered to before discharge. Types of Effluent Treatment Plant There are different types of systems from which to choose, depending on the following factors: Availability of room for installation or construction of the system. Financial considerations Quality and quantity of the wastewater to be discharged Quality of the liquid waste to be treated Some of the systems available are below. Common or Combined Effluent Treatment Plant (CEPTs) These are more appropriate where there is less room available for the installation of the system, and they are suitable for industries that lack the costs of financing, managing, and maintaining their own plants safely and efficiently. The system allows multiple businesses to connect to a central plant, where wastewater is treated accordingly. This is cost-efficient because all the businesses connected to this centralised plant contribute to costs related to its operation. Sewage Treatment Plant Sewage treatment plants are commonly used by municipalities to treat residential liquid waste; however, it is important to note that sewage itself is a mixture of domestic and commercial waste as well as industrial effluent (pre-treated industrial waste). The system utilises biological, chemical, and physical processes to remove the contaminants and toxins to produce wastewater that is safe to reuse or discharge into the environment. Activated Sludge Plants (ASPs) These use treatment methods that digest biological or organic pollutants. They are suitable for various industries, including the textile and food industries. In this system, oxygen is added to the wastewater in an aeration tank where the mixture is agitated or disturbed. This agitation allows the mixture, or sludge, to settle at the bottom, facilitating the filtration of liquid effluent. Maintenance of Effluent Treatment Plant It is imperative to maintain the system after installation and throughout its life cycle for increased efficiency and effective operation. System maintenance should be done by a company with experience in this type of plant and wastewater management. They will keep records of operations and change components such as screens, valves, pumps, and others to maintain the required level of operation and water purification. The efficiency and effectiveness of industrial effluent treatment plant and systems depends on various factors, such as land availability, financial considerations, and maintenance, to name a few. Your choice will depend on your industrial needs and the contents of wastewater generated. For the installation of an appropriate system, consult reputable wastewater management experts. Author Plate Sean Clifford is an advisor at AllWater Technologies Ltd, a wholly independent company providing consultation, water treatment equipment, and effluent treatment plant, including reverse osmosis water systems. Bringing together a host of experience and specialist knowledge, the company is committed to building and maintaining long-term relationships and creating maximum value and benefit for their customers.
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